Capture Triggers
After you create a capture filter, you can begin to capture data based on it by selecting Capture, Start. When using a narrow filter to look for a specific problem that doesn't occur often, you can set up an event to notify you when a matching frame is finally detected instead of having to sit at the console and wait. To set a capture trigger, select Capture, Trigger.
The Network Monitor allows you to monitor overall traffic on the network by watching the graphs displayed in the Capture Window, and it allows you to look at specific frames to determine where problems exist. Similar to a hardware LAN analyzer, a good software LAN analyzer can be a valuable tool for determining network use or for troubleshooting specific protocol problems. Still, to view all network traffic, you'll need another network monitor, such as that included with Microsoft's SMS, or a third-party-product.
Other Software LAN Analyzer Products
The fast microprocessors used in today's desktop and laptop computers allow for a wide range of software products to provide functionality that used to be primarily the domain of hardware-based analyzers. The preceding section looked at the built-in LAN monitoring tools available as part of the Windows operating system. However, a large market exists for software-based LAN analyzers, and they are usually much less expensive to deploy than their hardware counterparts.
Before investing in a software LAN analyzer, you should try before you buy. Following is a list of a few good products that allow you to either download a demonstration version or order a CD that you can use to evaluate the product before making a purchase. Don't buy the first product you look at. Instead, determine whether the documentation is up to par, whether the company provides good technical support, and, most important, whether the product is intuitive and easy to use.
Ethertest LAN Analyzer for Windows—This LAN analyzer from Frontline Test Equipment, Inc. (FTE), runs on systems ranging from Windows 95 to Windows XP. You can download a demo of this product at www f t e com. If you're in the process of deploying Bluetooth technology in your LAN, you might also want to download a demo of FTE's SerialBlue Bluetooth.
Observer, Expert Observer, and Observer Suite from Network Instruments—These products perform everything from simple network protocol analysis to SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), RMON (Remote Monitoring) console, and probe reporting. The software also runs on systems ranging from Windows 2000 to Windows Server 2003. Additionally, the Observer product line also includes support for IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b wireless networking.
Wildpackets—An assortment of network analysis tools can be downloaded, ranging from the highly rated EtherPeek LAN analysis tool to AiroPeek for wireless LAN analysis. You can download demos for these and other valuable tools by visiting www . wild p a ck et s .com.
This is only a short list of the large number of products available, and they are not rated as to which is best because it depends on your needs and how your network is laid out. However, you should download the demos listed here so that you can get an idea of what you can expect from a software- based LAN analyzer. If you're going to spend money on such a product, make sure it's an informed purchase.
Hardware Analyzers
This type of instrument can cost as much as tens of thousands of dollars. Hardware analyzers, however, provide functionality in a critical situation that might not be obtainable from a software-based product. A hardware LAN analyzer can be taken to the location where a problem exists and be connected to the network to perform its functions. A hardware instrument will most likely be better able to cope with a high-speed environment, such as 100BASE-T and 1000BASE-T, than a software application that relies on a standard network adapter card to get traffic from the network medium. Hardware analyzers contain special circuitry that is used to perform many functions must faster than can be done via software, and are usually more reliable.
Another thing to consider when comparing hardware to software analyzers is that when you use a PC or a workstation to act as your LAN analyzer, it might be limited as to what the NIC can do. For example, some ordinary adapter cards have built into their firmware a function that automatically discards certain kinds of packets that contain errors. If you are trying to detect what errors are causing problems on your network while troubleshooting, a software product running on a workstation might not be able to help you.
Also, although it's true that network adapter cards can literally see every packet on the network as it zips by, that doesn't mean that the cards are capable of capturing the data and passing it up to higher- level protocols. When a card does capture all frames and pass them up the protocol stack, it is operating in promiscuous mode. Some cards are designed specifically not to do this, so be sure to check the documentation that comes with the one you might want to use on a workstation that will host LAN monitoring software.
Hardware analyzers are expensive because they usually do a very good job and are designed specifically for what they do. Most have built-in disk drives to store captured data, including a floppy disk drive that can be used to exchange data with PC workstations. Be sure that the instrument has enough memory to buffer significant amounts of data. Another feature to look for is a good display so that you can monitor utilization graphically as well as display the contents of individual frames.
A hybrid analyzer that combines the best of the hardware and software products is also available. This type of device implements the capturing and filtering functions in a hardware component that attaches to a workstation, which then provides the display and storage functions. The hardware component has dedicated circuitry and processing power to capture data from the wire, and a software application on the PC is used to filter, calculate, and display the data. This type of device can be external to the PC, although some are implemented as cards that plug into the system's bus.
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